Chapter 6: The Duel for North America

• French Colonization
  • Late to settle the New World because of problems at home
  • Edict of Nantes: tried to give religious freedom to French Protestants, or Huguenots. This led to people going to New France, or Canada seeking religious freedom
  • Samuel de Champlain: sometimes called the "Father of New France," settled Quebec in 1608
  • "Coureuors de bois" were runners of the woods. They brought no family, was very temporary in order to trap beavers and made friends with the Huron Indians
    • Beavers significance: the fur was very sought after because it "made great everything, especially hats" -L. Willi
  • Jesuit Missionaries worked to convert the Indians to Catholicism
  • Built several forts to stop the English and the Spanish
    • Antione Cadilac- in Detroit
    • Robert de la Salle- in Louisiana (named after Louis XIV)
• Empires Collide
  • King William's War (1689-1697)
    • first time that guerrilla warfare was introduced
    • the massacre at Deerfield, Massachusetts: women and children were taken by the Indians and had a really hard time re adjusting to the white way of life
    • League of Augsburg
  • Queen Anne's War (1702-1713) also called the War of Spanish Succession
    • The british forced the French Arcadians (from Arcadia, Canada) to march from Nova Scotia to New Orleans
    • ended in the Treaty of Utrecht: the Spanish lost the slave trade (haciento) from the Treaty of Tordesillas (line of demarkation between Spain and Portugal also a part of that treaty). The English now has the slave trade.
  • King George's War (1744-48) Austrian
    • Supposedly some drunk Englishmen took an impregnable fort
    • the Treaty of Aix la Chappelle made the colonists give the fort back and so they got "royally ticked"
  • French and Indian War/ Seven Years' War: the only war that started over here and went over there, don't forget that
    • France and England had competing claims over the Ohio River Valley
    • In 1754 the governor ordered the militia into the Ohio River Valley
    • George Washington was instructed to keep watch over Fort Duquesne, but was captured and forced to leave and never come back
    • the war eventually got spread into Europe and Austria and Prussia got involved but don't worry about all that junk
    • Prime Minister William Pitt: took over command of British in 1757. Was a wonderful year of British history. LOTS of things named after him.
    • cost the British about 55 million Pounds
    • 1754 inter-colonial congress: the Albany Plan of Union
      • keep Iroquois on the British Side
      • more colonial unity
      • first political cartoon
    • Problems with who should pay for the war?? The British thought that the colonists should pay for the war because it was in N America. Colonists thought that if England was the mother country then why should they have to pay for the war?